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Your Shower Head is a marvel of engineering that reliably delivers water at a touch of the tap. If you've ever wondered how this miracle of ingenuity works, think about your pipes.
The water pressure in your home is probably between 60 and 80 pounds (PSI), and is running through pipes as small as one-inch. This sustained pressure inside your pipes is what helps water flow uphill in your home, delivering it to your sinks, tubs, toilets, and wherever else it's needed.
Typically, the pipe size of your shower is even smaller, sometimes as much as half the diameter of your other pipes. This creates even more pressure, causing a consistently sustained and forceful flow of water out of your Shower Head when it's turned on.
Factors that affect the flow of water out of the head are the diameter of the holes in the head itself, the presence of lime scale, rust, or particulate matter caught in the screen, and the constraints of your water heater. Another factor that can have a big impact on the flow of water out of your Shower Head is the presence of a water flow restrictor.
Low flow Shower Heads incorporate restrictors in order to conserve water and energy. Where ten years ago the average Shower Head delivered six to eight gallons per minute (GPM), current low flow Shower Heads may deliver 2.6 GPM at 80 PSI or less.
A quality Shower Head should be able to deliver a good penetrating water spray at either high or low pressure. If you are experiencing low water flow and have ruled out other factors like reduced water pressure coming from the main water line and low volume from your water heater, the culprit may be lime scale buildup on the Shower Head that can be removed by disassembling and cleaning it.
On a new low flow Shower Head, the restrictor itself may be causing water flow problems, and on some models, restrictor disks can be reversed or removed to increase the flow while still retaining some of the low-flow benefits of the head.
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